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According to Wikipedia, in 1946 during negotiations between the French and Ho Chi Minh,

One demand by the French was the return to French custody of a number of Japanese military officers (who had been helping the Vietnamese armed forces by training them in the use of weapons of Japanese origin), in order for them to stand trial for war crimes committed during World War II. Ho replied that the Japanese officers were allies and friends whom he could not betray. Then he walked out, to seven more years of war.

Any ideas who these Japanese military officers were, and what were their crimes?

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My guess is that these were the officers of the Japanese 38th Army.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_French_Indochina_Campaign

There was a strange line up. On one hand, you had the "Allies," who included the French and the Nationalist Chinese. Ho Chi Minh hated these people.

"The enemy of my enem(ies) is my friend." As such, the Japanese were Ho Chi Minh's friends. The Japanese knew that their days in Vietnam were numbered, and were willing to support Vietnamese independence on the theory that "If we can't have Vietnam, neither will our (French and Chinese) enemies." That posture actually fit in pretty well with Ho Chi Minh's own plans.

Of course, they committed "war crimes" against the French (and Chinese) during the war, at least as defined by these groups.

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But according to the Wikipedia article, the Japanese 38th Army fiercely resisted the Vietnam nationalists, even after Hirohito had ordered them to surrender. – Arani Apr 30 at 5:12
@Arani: It was just a guess. But I've had the experience where sometimes the "worst enemies" later become "best friends." (and vice-versa). I also said, "it was a strange lineup," and "the enemy of my enemy is my friend." – Tom Au Apr 30 at 13:43

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