In general, "corridor" denotes a linear geographic region with one or more major modes of transportation running its length. Usually its existence points to two very important locations at its ends, and it promotes development along its length due to the heavy traffic. In Beijing-Tianjin's case, there was a railway between the two cities (to which the Marco Polo bridge was very close).
China's few railways took on outsize importance during the early Sino-Japanese war, due to the low-to-nonenonexistent level of other infantry motorisation. Control of railways was the key to rapid manoeuvre and linking up distant forces in that theatre. In the case of the Beijing-Tianjin railway, the fall of Tianjin meant that Japanese forces there, composed both of the sizeable garrison prior to the war and those just landing by sea, could rapidly transport to Beiping (Beijing), which the Japanese took shortly after.