Steel was commercially produced before the Bessemer converter by a "puddle" process. Replacing the puddle workers with the Bessemer process lead to the Homestead (Pinkerton) riot.

Good spring steel is more than low carbon. It also requires alloying with larger metal constituents to pin the metal polycrystals in place.

                                              TomO 

Steel was commercially produced before the Bessemer converter by a "puddle" process. Replacing the puddle workers with the Bessemer process lead to the Homestead (Pinkerton) riot.

Good spring steel is more than low carbon. It also requires alloying with larger metal constituents to pin the metal polycrystals in place.