How many Britons lived in India during the British Raj (1858 - 1947)?

Question

How many Britons lived (not just visited shortly) in India during the British Raj (1858 - 1947)?

There might be two answers, both of them interesting:

1. The amount of Britons in India over time - something like a chart (x = time, y = amount of Britons).

2. How many individual Britons lived in India in total during the whole period?

I asked a different question on biology stack exchange and I realized I had not an idea of even the order of magnitude of the amount - were it millions, or much less/more?

Answer 1

The population of India during the British Raj days was first counted during the census of 1871. Prior to this a full census and data on British subjects were not available. The 1891 census also did a linguistic division, but nothing such as "British Subjects". But people who spoke English as a mother tongue returned 238,409.

The total Number of people with English as mother tongue, in India in 1891 as per the 1891 census was 238,409.

The total Number of British subjects in India in 1921 as per the 1921 census was 165,485.

The 1931 census was was the last census that was not subject to inaccuracies. The 1941 census was hampered by war and self-return from an illiterate populace.

The European British subjects totalled 155,555 of whom 110,137 were males and 45,418 females. Of these again 7,205 males and 3,422 females were found in Burma, and while in Burma the figures show a total increase of 1,434 males and 1,365 females since 1921, the figures for India proper show a further fall since 1921 and are now little more than 80 per Cent. of those recorded in 1911, while males taken alone are fewer than in 1901.

Reference from census record.

Answer 2

Wiki:

The 1861 Census had revealed that the English population in India was 125,945. Of these only about 41,862 were civilians as compared with about 84,083 European officers and men of the Army.[47] In 1880, the standing Indian Army consisted of 66,000 British soldiers, 130,000 Natives, and 350,000 soldiers in the princely armies.

Indian economy grew at about 1% per year from 1880 to 1920, and the population also grew at 1%.

Census of 1901 gives the total population at 294 million, including 62 million in the princely states and 232 million in British India. About 170,000 are Europeans.

Since exp(40*log(1.01))=1.488864, the total population in 1861 was ~197 million (assuming the 1% growth also held in 1861-1880). The English/European population grew on average 100*(exp(log(170/130)/40)-1)=0.6729139% from 1861 to 1901 - slower than the total population.