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While I was reading a Roman history book, it said that people from Carthage used to sacrifice children by placing them on the arms of Baal's statue and letting them roll to the fire.

What would be the actual shape and disposal of Baal's figure, fire and children, and is there an existing image of that statue?

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  • @AmericanLuke's answer is very erudite but it seems to assume without questioning that such a statue existed and then proceeds to inquire into what it might have looked like. But I am not satisfied that Flaubert did not make the whole thing up - can we have an answer that unequivocally establishes that first? Commented Oct 15, 2013 at 8:29
  • P.S. I am not doubting that human sacrifices of infants were practiced in some places in the ancient world - we know that - but I am not sure this is true for Carthage. Commented Oct 15, 2013 at 8:30

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Ba'al is a Northwest Semitic title applied to many gods of the region. The one I believe you are referring to is Moloch. Here is a exaggerated description of him by Gustave Flaubert, written in 1862. Although it is is not first-hand, he did visit Carthage to research and gather material for it.

Then further back, higher than the candelabrum, and much higher than the altar, rose the Moloch, all of iron, and with gaping apertures in his human breast. His outspread wings were stretched upon the wall, his tapering hands reached down to the ground; three black stones bordered by yellow circles represented three eyeballs on his brow, and his bull's head was raised with a terrible effort as if in order to bellow.

The text also states that the arms were moved with chains. However, some of these details (especially the part about the arms) is considered to be made up by Flaubert. The part about the wings is likely made up also. This account should be taken with a grain of salt. For example, according to the Republic, it was bronze. According to Jewish texts (c. 12c. AD), it was made of brass. Another Greek wrote:

...bronze image of Cronus extending its hands, palms up and sloping toward the ground

The idol was usually depicted as anthropomorphic. It was usually a bearded old man with curly horns. Here is a picture of a Carthagian Ba'al (not the version with a fire inside):

Carthagian Ba'al

Although this statue has no openings for the rites described, it would be something similar to this statue. However, there has been little to no evidence found of this idol by archaeologists. It is hard to say what exactly it looked like as most sources only state the arms and and a fire inside. The main civilization to document first-hand these were the Greeks. As far as I can tell, there are no known existing braziers of this description. This is not to say they never existed. Carthage was razed in the Third Punic War and the idols would have gone with it. So it is rather indecisive what they looked like, but I've listed here what information has been documented.

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    The statue doesn't really look like the description.
    – MichaelF
    Commented Sep 7, 2012 at 9:32
  • 1. The picture is of a statue, it did not hold a fire. 2. The first description, as I said should be taken with a grain of salt. I'll edit to clarify.
    – Luke_0
    Commented Sep 7, 2012 at 23:52
  • The one i'm refering to is baal hamon, baal moloch is from phoenicia, they renamed it when they moved to Carthage becouse of Alexander the great.
    – loki
    Commented Sep 18, 2012 at 15:43
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    "Although it is is not first-hand" - that's understatement of the year... Commented Dec 10, 2012 at 0:20
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    Ba'al was a Cananite word for "Lord". The Jews (while also using a Cananite language) had different words for their Lord God. So when the Bible refers to worship of Ba'al, it means worship of some other lord god of one of their neighbors. However, in the Carthaginians case, wikipedia at least claims their Ba'al was "Baʿal Hammon"
    – T.E.D.
    Commented Jan 19, 2013 at 19:13

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