Several books and articles indicate that Osip Volkov defected from a Russian ship at Monterey around 1815, midway through the Mexican War of Independence. Naturalized as Jose Antonio Bolcof, he served as alcalde of Branciforte. The Russian-American Company had a royal monopoly on the fur trade in America. What was the ship on which Volkov arrived in California?
1 Answer
According to pg 317 of the Book California Through Russian Eyes, by James R Gibson,
...while hunting sea otters from the Ilmena, he either jumped ship or was captured by a Spanish patrol.
The Ilmena is listed as 'purchased from the Americans' on the Russia-America Company wiki page.
So there's your ship name, and yes he was employed in the fur trade.