History Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for historians and history buffs. It only takes a minute to sign up.
Sign up to join this community
While researching my answer for the What was the official language used across European monarchies in the XII century? question I came upon the Charter of Liberties, or Coronation Charter, issued by Henry I of England in 1100. Although in my answer I claim it was written in English, I wasn't able to find a reliable source. Help?
And if the document was in fact written in English, was it Old English or Middle English?
The original is lost, so we don't know. There were copies made in Latin and Old French which are available online... apparently, many copies were made upon its proclamation, in various languages, each intended for a particular audience.
Here's a free ebook courtesy of the Google Books scanning project that goes into the difficulties in identifying the original text from subsequent copies: The Text of Henry I's Coronation Charter
It would be in Anglo-Norman/Anglo-French, Old English or Latin - most likely proclaimed in Anglo-Norman and translated by his scribes into all three.
It definitely wouldn't be English. In 1100, Old English was the language of the conquered Anglo-Saxon slaves (serfs). The Language of the conquerors of 1066 was Norman French or Anglo Norman. I'd put money on Latin.
Anglo-Norman was never the main administrative language of England: Latin was the major language of record in legal and other official documents for most of the medieval period. However, from the late 12th century until the early 15th century, Anglo-Norman French and Anglo-French were much used in law reports, charters, ordinances, official correspondence, and trade at all levels; they were the language of the King, his court and the upper class.
The original Charter of Liberties was probably written in Latin. I found an online source for the Latin text at archive.org. (The source is Select charters and other illustrations of English constitutional history (1913))
It looks like most of the English versions you see online are from a translation done in 1915 by Albert Beebe White and Wallce Notestein for their, Source Problems in English History (page 367).
Henry I was one of the early Norman kings. At the time Latin was considered the language of scholarship, French the language of the ruling classes, and English the language of the pesantry. Since the charter mainly deals with the rights of the nobility, English would seem to be a rather unlikely choice.
