How significant was land expropriation as a source of US federal, state, and local government revenue between 1790 and 1846?
I chose 1846 as the breakpoint because of the Walker Tariff; feel free to critique that choice.
Related questions: What were the sources of US government revenue from 1790 to 1846?
Background:
I have found sources sufficient to establish that public land sales and the exercise of eminent domain were significant; these are listed below. However, I have not found enough to give me an idea of their relative magnitudes.
(h/t to Brian Z) This article says that public land sales contributed about 14% of federal revenue prior to 1863. This paper, in turn (table 1 on p6), helps estimate the percentage of US revenue that went to the federal government versus state versus local. However, I have not done the necessary work to determine whether I can reasonably "glue together" these sources. If we accept that US government units obtained some of their public land by expropriating it from indigenous people, this suggests that expropriations contributed substantially to government revenues.
This survey (which I will call "Wallis 1") motivates the question in two ways (p3 of the pdf):
a. It identifies public lands as an important source of government income.
b. It identifies infrastructure investment as an important source of government income. This infrastructure depended in part on eminent domain; see, e.g., this paper (p1, not paywalled). To the extent that some exercises of eminent domain power can be interpreted as land expropriations, this agains suggests that expropriations contributed.
Wallis 1 makes the above two statements in discussing state government finance between about 1790 and 1842, which lines up pretty well with my period of 1790-1846.
Wallis 1 also gives a partial indirect answer by estimating the relative share of property taxes for state governments from 1835 through the end of my period (p8 of the pdf).
According to wikipedia, US government units continued confiscating British property until the Jay Treaty of 1795. Maybe some of it was land?
