...since … since the great slave uprising under Spartacus it had been clear
that that the enormous scale of the slave economy, and harsh conditions
along along with lax supervision, were a serious problem, yet nothing had
been been done about it. Caesar now ruled that one-third of all herders in
the the Italian countryside must be freeborn, thereby ensuring much better
supervision supervision of the slave herdsmen, improving conditions for them since
they they would inevitably have similar working and living conditions to
their their free fellow herders, and provided work for many thousands of
impoverished impoverished free Italians.
Source: Richard A. Billows, 'Julius Caesar, the Colossus of Rome' (2009).
...hardly … hardly any genuine statistics are available.... …
We do not know the number of slaves in any particular community of
Roman Roman Italy or in a particular sector of the economy at any given
point point in time, let alone for the region as a whole.
Source: Walter Scheidel, 'The Roman slave supply' (Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics, May 2007).
...to … to the Gauls living south of the Alps and beyond the Po he gave
citizenship because he had once governed them.
Caesar awarded Roman citizenship to the people of the Spanish town
Gades Gades in the same year (Liv. Per. 110; Dio 41.24.1.), but this in
itself itself tells us little about his attitude to any large-scale extension
of of Roman citizenship beyond Italy. Brunt goes only so far as to say
(1971: 239), ‘‘It“It is agreed that Caesar was much more ready than
Republican Republican statesmen had been to enfranchise provincials,’’” and he
cites cites the Trans-padani, Gades, and ‘‘conceivably“conceivably some other provincial
towns towns.’’”
Source: Miriam Griffin (ed), 'A Companion to Julius Caesar' (2009)Source: Miriam Griffin (ed), 'A Companion to Julius Caesar' (2009).
In the East, no Greek cities received either citizenship or Latin
rights rights, though several prominent Greeks and others received individual
grants grants (Cic. Fam. 13.36, Phil. 13.33; Plut. Cic. 24). So did teachers
of of the liberal arts and doctors, many of whom will have been Greeks,
settling settling in Rome (Suet. Iul. 42.1).