Nationalism in all parts of Europe surged in the 19th century, the centuries old multinational states of the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary broke apart and by the end of the century this jingoism culminated in World War I.

How come?

As always in history it's multiple causes acting simultaneously. I want to know how and why nationalism rose everywhere.

Nationalism in all parts of Europe surged in the 19th century, the centuries old multinational states of the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary broke apart and by the end of the century this jingoism culminated in World War I.

How come?

As always in history it's multiple causes acting simultaneously and causes leading to other causes. I want to know how and why nationalism rose everywhere.

Can it be claimed that it started with the Greek war for independence and that the effect and success of creating a small nation-state for the first time (Kingdom of Greece) fueled the others in their nationalism? And did this originate from a "fault" on the Ottoman side?