Imperial Spain and Portugal conquered and developed huge empires. Both monarchies were Catholic, and seized huge amounts of land in the 1500s, and lost most of their area around 1820.
Both European motherlands had numerous universities, but their colonies looked less similar. Brazil and the other Portuguese colonies had zero, while about ten Spanish colonies, including Venezuela, Chile, and Bolivia, did have universities, sometimes several. Portugal finally founded universities in some of its remaining colonies in 1962.
What explains the two empires' very different priorities with regard to higher education in their colonies?