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After the Caliph Othman get killed there was period of instability in the Islamic state for more than five years, and Syria was just taken by Muslims before around twenty years.

Why did the Byzantines not take the chance and try to recapture either Syria or Egypt from the Muslims?

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Because they had just lost the battle of Masts to Muawiya bin abu sufyan in the previous year (655). The emperor Constans II was almost killed.

And notice, when the pressure from the East was really weaker, in 668, he fought the Slavs to the North. And only in 659 "he campaigned far to the east, taking advantage of a rebellion against the Caliphate in Medina. The same year he concluded peace with the Arabs."

He had too little resources for too many problems. And simply couldn't recover Syria.

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  • Perhaps you mean Medina? I can't edit because the change is too small, and you have put the sentence in a quote, so it might be verbatim.
    – taninamdar
    Commented Jan 27, 2017 at 23:06
  • The problem is that I have taken that from wiki as is... Was there some rebellion in Medina or not - I don't know. If you are sure about Medina, I will do the edition. Are you?
    – Gangnus
    Commented Jan 30, 2017 at 8:57
  • I have corrected medina name and to make it possible I have added muawia full name
    – Mr.lock
    Commented Jan 30, 2017 at 9:49
  • @Gangnus If you are talking about Murder of Uthman, then the Revolt was in Medina. Rebels ruled the streets for a few days until disbanding after murder of Caliph Uthman. If you are talking about the Civil war that ensued when Governor of Syria, Muawiya refused to accept the authority of newly elected Caliph Ali until murderers of Uthman were punished, then that rebellion was centered in Damascus.
    – NSNoob
    Commented Apr 10, 2017 at 10:18
  • @NSNoob Thank you. Really, number of named mutinies in the Civil war of Mohammed's successors is not important. The main problem is that the real reason can't be put here because the Gumilev's works are totally unknown in the English world.
    – Gangnus
    Commented Apr 10, 2017 at 21:01

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